Injector-carbureter for explosion-engines.



L. LACOIN.

INJECTOR CARBURETER FOR EXPLOSION ENGINES. APPLICATlON FILED JUNE 23. 1914.

1,151,600. Patented Aug. 31,1915

Cir

ED eras LOUIS LACOIN, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR '10 SOCIETE ANONYME DETUDES DU MOTEUB MESSPA, 0F ROANN'E, FRANCE;

INJECTOR-CARBURETER FOR EXPLOSION-EN GIN ES.

Specification of Letterslatent.

Patented Aug. 31, was;

Application ifiled June 23, 1914. Serial No. 846,806.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Louis LAoolN, citizen of the Republic of France, residing at 8 Rue Francois Millet, Paris, in the Republic of France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Injector-Carbureters for Explosion-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

Thev invention relates to improvements in carbureters for explosion engines and has for its object an injector carbureter intended to carburate the air in the engine cylinder during the compression.

Usually the motor compresses the explosive mixture or else compresses air only. In the first case spontaneous ignition is produced (which is too irregular to be employed systematically) as soon as the value of the compression exceeds a given limit which varies with different engines. In the second case, particularly in the Diesel method, the fuel is injectedin atomized form by means of a jet or air at a very high pressure, the compression acting upon the air alone. This method presents numerous inconveniences: 1. The employment of air at a very high pressure necessary for atomizing the liquid fuel entails costly complications and renders it impossible to employ volatile liquids which might explode in contact with it, 2. The employment of non-volatile liquids renders mixing in the cylinder difiicult, and in order to insure ignition, renders compression to a high pressure necessary. 3. The employment of high pressures at compression is not advantageous above a certain limit, as the efficiency is not increased in proportion to the difficulties of construction of the engine thereby entailed. For these reasons it would be preferable to inject the liquid alone into the cylinder without atomizing it by means of an air jet, but hitherto great difficulties have been experienced in the construction of the injection pump which is then required. This pump should fulfil the following conditions: Inject a quantity of fuel varying with the load on the engine in a very brief time, at an adequate pressure and at variable moments in accordance with the speed and the heat of the engine.

The injector carburetor which forms the object of the present invention fulfils this fourfold purpose. It is mainly characterized by the fact that the constant level supply reservoir supplies a fuel pump, the piston of which is lifted to produce the suction in opposition to the action ofja powerful spring, by a member operated by the eng ne, this member suddenly abandoning the piston at a given moment, in such a manner that, under the influence of the spring, it suddenly and vigorously forces the fuel into the driving cylinder.

The improved carbureter has also other characteristics which will hereinafter be described.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the device as a whole; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the differential controlling gear.

1 is a constant level reservoir of the usual type having a pin valve 2 for the admission of the spirit and a float 3. Through the conduit 4 the spirit passes to a pump constituted by relatively long plunger piston 6 is displaced, this piston fits the cylinder as closely as possible. The extremity of this piston is rounded off for reasons that will be explained and in order that it may form a better joint it is provided with channels or grooves 7 which create losses of charge in order to reduce leakages to the minimum. The operation of this piston would be very uncertain if packing rings or the like were relied upon to form a good joint. lVith spirit it is not possible to lubricate such packings and the descent of the piston would be stopped by'the friction.

The pump comprises valves 8 and 9 for suction and delivery respectively; 10 is the socket through which the fuel is injected into the engine. The sump 11 is an extension of a cylinder forming a shock absorber for the piston and the terminal cross-section of which is somewhat restricted for this purpose. At its upper part the piston is continued by a rod 12 carrying a plate 13 receiving the thrust of a spiral spring 11 and a leather or other washer 15 to serve as a shock absorber for the plate 13. At its upper part the rod 12 is provided with a notch which forms a nose 16 of tempered steel. A pawl 17 of a bell-crank lever is able to engage beneath the nose 16, this lever is pivoted at 18 to the end of the rocker 19 while its other arm 20 is acted upon by the stop 21 pivoted to the frame of the device and ada vertical cylinder 5 in which a .justable in position by means of the pointer control mechanism which renders it possible 22 which is displaceable on the graduate .to regulate the quantity in ected at each indial 23. The pawl 17 is influenced by a leaf stant, exactitude in the carburationcanbe spring at. The rocker 19 connected by maintained with certainty notwithstanding means of a rod to a fixed point 26 of the these leakages.

frame, is mounted on an eccentric 27 keyed It will be noted that the commencement of upon a horizontal shaft 28 suitably jourthe suction period depends upon the position naled in the frame. This shaft 28 passes of the rocker 19, this position can be modithrough a difierential of the usual type confied by altering the angle at which the ecio stituted by two sun pinions 29 and 30 and centric is fixed relatively to the drive of the two planet pinions 31 and 82. The latter engine, which can be effected by acting upon inions are mounted upon a cross-head 33 the pointer igt which modifies the position which rotates idly upon the shaft 28 and ,of the cross 33 and consequently the relative are adjusted by means of pointer or handle positions of the planet pinions 31 and 32 to 15 34 which is displaceable over a graduated the pinions 29 and 30. The end of the suc-- s0 dial the pinion 30 is keyed upon the tion period, that is to say the commencement shaft 28 while the pinion 29 is loose upon of the delivery, period, is similarly reguthis shaft-and integral with a toothed pinlated by altering the position of the stop 21 ion 36 controlled by the engine by the inby means of the index 22. The phases of the so termedia y of some, appropriate transmisoperation of the pump and the quantity of 85 i ign, fuel can also be regulated exactly. More- The operation of the device is as follows: over the pump produces a powerful and The engine continuously drives the pinion rapid delivery; the leakageis very small and 36 integral with the pinion 29 of thediiierany liquid that escapes returns to the con- 25 ential. By means of the planet pinions 31 stant level supply chamber.

and 32 journaled upon the cross 33 this pin- It may be desirable to ascertain, at all ion 29 drives the sun pinion 30 keyed upon events approximately the quantity of liquid the shaft 28 and consequently also drives fuel injected. This can readily be effected the said shaft and the eccentric 27 mounted by suitably graduating the scale 35 comeso thereon. The eccentric imparts a reciprosponding to the commencement of the suoeating movement to the rocker 19 jointed to tion and the scale 23 corresponding to the the fixed point 26 by means of the rod 25. commencement of the delivery; The differ- The spring 24 tends to engage the pawl 17 ence between the readings furnishes the beneath the nose 16'of the piston rod 12 in value of the effective stroke of the piston of as such a manner that when the rocker rises the pump. This reading can be simplified 1 00 the pawl 17 carries with it the rod 12 and by providing two superposed movable dials. the piston 6, thereby compressing the spring It will 'of course be understood that the 14. The fuel to be injected which enters invention is not limited to the diagrammatic the constant level chamber 3 inthe usual form described and illustrated. The carbueo manner at-2 is then drawn through the pasreter is equally applicable for all liquid or sage 4 into the pump 5 which it enters while liquefiable fuels (such as naphthalene) and lifting the valve 8. When the arm 20 of will act at low pressure and with separate the pawl 17 has come into contact with the ignition, or at high pressure and spontanefixed but adjustable stop 21, the latter causes ous ignition in the air heated by the com- 45- it to rock while releasing the pawl 17 from pression. In particular, the separate ignithe nose 16, the rod 12 and the piston 6 are tion may be catalytic. then suddenly and vigorously depressed by Having now described my invention, what p the action of the spring 14 which extends I claim as new and desire to secure by Leti thereby producing the compression of the ters Patent is:

50 liquid and forcing it through the valve 9 1. In an injector carbureter for explosion 11E and the socket 10 leading to the cylinder of engines, a constant level supply reservoir, a

the engine. The sump 11 becomes filled with pump cylinder in communication with said liquid and the leather washer 15 reduces the reservoir, a suction valve and a delivery shock at the end of the stroke of the piston 7. valve for sa d cylinder, a piston in said cyl- 55 As the piston does not comprise packing, inder, a spring adapted to force the piston 12 the thrust of the spring has only to overinto the cylinder, a member adapted to lift come the nertia of the parts; the piston, its the piston in opposition to the action of the rod, halt the weight of the spring, and spring and means for actuating said member presses upon the liquid in such a manner from the engine and causing the member to so that the pressure upon the liquid can be very suddenly abandon the piston at a certain 11 exactly determined in advance. To a large moment of its upward movement, substanextent this pressure 18 independent of the tially as described and for the purpose set leakages that may occur along the piston. forth.

As regards inevitable leakages by giving the 2. In an injector carbureter for explosion t5 pump large dimensions and in view of the engines, a constant level supply reservoir, a l

- ed to lift the piston in opposition to the pump cylinder in communication with said reservoir, a suction valve and a delivery valve for said cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a spring adapted to force the piston into. the cylinder, an oscillating lever adapted to lift the piston in opposition to the action of the spring, means for connecting one end of the lever to a fixed point, an eccentric driven by the engine for actuating said lever, and means for causing the lever to suddenly abandon the piston at a certain moment of its upward movement, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

3. In an injector carbureter for explosion engines, a constant level supply reservoir, a pump cylinder in communication with said reservoir, a suction valve for said cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a spring adapted to force the piston into the cylinder, an oscillating lever adapted to lift the piston in opposition to the action of the spring, means for connecting one end of the lever to a fixed point, an eccentric for actuating said lever, a difi'erential gearing operatively connected to the eccentric, means for driving the eccentric from the engine through the differential gearing, and means for causing the lever to suddenly abandon the piston at a certain moment of its upward movement, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

4. In an injector carbureter for explosion engines, a constant level supply reservoir, a pump cylinder in communication with said reservoir, a suction valve and a delivery valve for said cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a spring adapted to force the piston into the cylinder, an oscillating lever adaptaction of the spring, means for connecting one end of the lever to a fixed point, an eccentric for actuating said lever, a differential gearing operatively connected to the gearing,

valve and a deliveryeccentric, from the engine through the difl'erential a spring pawl pivoted at the free end of the oscillating lever and engaging the piston and an adjustable stop for disengaging said pawl from the as described and for the purpose set forth.

5. In an injector carbureter for explosion engines, a constant level supply reservoir, a

pump cylinder in communication with said reservoir, a suction valve and a delivery valve for said cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, said piston having circumferential grooves throughout its length, a spring adapted to force the piston into the cylinder, a member adapted to lift the piston in opposition to the action of the spring, and

means for actuating said member'from the engine and causing themember to suddenly abandon the piston at a certain moment of its upward movement, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

6. In an injector carbureter for explosion engines, a constant level supply reservoir, a pumpcylinder in communication with said reservoir, a suction valve and a delivery valve for said cylinder, a piston in saidcylinder, the pump cylinder terminating in a sump which absorbs, the shock of the piston at the end of the delivery stroke, a spring adapted to force the piston into the cylinder, a member adapted to lift the piston in opposition to the action of the spring, and means for actuating said member from the engine and causing the member to suddenly abandon the piston at a certain moment of its upward movement, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

piston, substantially means for driving the eccentric I In testimony whereof Iha'vesigned my I I LOUIS LACOIN. i 

